ルート

A graph that shows the relationship between the liquid phase composition x, gas phase composition y, and temperature T for two components at a constant pressure is called a Txy diagram.

A graph that shows the vapor-liquid equilibrium relationship of two components is called an xy diagram. xy diagram means that the vapor-liquid equilibrium composition of the two components at a certain temperature and pressure will be the value on the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve, and the vapor-liquid equilibrium curve is obtained and used in the design of the distillation column.

The energy conservation law for fluids is called Bernoulli's principle in particular. Thanks to Bernoulli's principle, engineers can calculate how much energy and pump lift is needed to lift a fluid to a given height.

The overall heat transfer coefficient is used to determine the heat duty and depends on the fluid velocity, material, etc.